AP Government (Period 4) Assignments
- Instructors
- Term
- 2012-2013 School Year
- Department
- Social Science
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- 116
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Past Assignments
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http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/ap-2013-usgov-politics-bookmap.pdf
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The test emphasizes:
Two tests from Barron's book given out in class
Diagnostic test at the beginning of Fast Track to a 5 book
Two tests at the end of Fast Track to a 5 book
Also review all multiple choice questions from Fast Track book.
Also review all essay questions done in class from various AP type tests.
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First part of Research Paper Assignment--One paragraph on who you want to write on. Refer to handout.
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Create an AP Account. Then email me the confirmation that you have created this account.
Go to apscore.org to create the account. I will take your word that you have created the account.
After taking your AP Exam in May, you will receive your scores online in July. Scores will not be sent in the mail. To get your scores, you need to go to apscore.org and create a free online account with the College Board. Students with a College Board account will receive email updates letting them know how and when they can access their scores.
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Read and Answer questions
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Read Ch.20 and take notes
Read pgs. 129-169 in Workbook. Then answer all multiple choice questions in Ch.7-Ch.9.
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Dates for AP Reviews are as follows:
April 24th, 3:10-4:30 PM (Wednesday)
April 28th, 9:30 AM-12:30 PM (Sunday)
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Potential AP Government Essays for Ch.17-Ch.19 Test
1. How is national policy increasingly being made by the actions of state governments?
ANS: a. Sometimes the national government adopts ideas pioneered in the states. b. State attorneys general settle suits with agreements binding throughout the country.
2. Explain the concept of client-based politics.
ANS: a. A small group benefits, but a large part of society pays. b. Interests are not always economic. c. Groups can lose legitimacy.
3. Explain the concept of entrepreneurial politics.
ANS: a. Society as a whole or some large part of it benefits from a policy that imposes a substantial cost on some small, identifiable segment of society. b. Entrepreneurial politics is increasingly a factor in American politics. c. Policy entrepreneurs can play a key role.
4. What are five reasons that the newer consumer- and environmental-protection agencies may not be as vulnerable to capture as some critics thought?
ANS: a. Less discretion b. Lack of a single, unified opponent c. Rise of public interest lobbies d. Allies in the media e. Easier access to the courts
5. Explain the series of events that led up to the 2007–2009 recession and indicate what lesson(s) should be learned from these events. ANS: a. Government made it easier for poor people to get subprime mortgages, even if they had low credit ratings and paid little or no deposit. b. Investment banks packaged such mortgages along with good mortgages. c. Mortgage payments stopped coming in, property values fell, investment companies failed, insurance for loans became useless, and the market for credit froze. d. Government was a big part of the problem; Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
6. Summarize the basic features of Keynesianism.
ANS: a. The market will not automatically operate at a full-employment, low-inflation level. b. The economy depends on levels of saving and spending, balancing demand. c. When demand is low, government should put more money into the economy. d. When demand is high, government should take money out of the economy. e. Balanced budgets are not necessary.
7. What are the three tools that the Federal Reserve Board uses to implement its monetary policy?
ANS: a. Buying and selling federal government securities b. Regulating the amount of money that a member bank must keep on hand as reserves c. Changing the interest charged by banks
8. Explain the difference between monetary and fiscal policy.
ANS: a. Monetary policy: Managing the economy by altering the supply of money and interest rates b. Fiscal policy: Managing the economy by using tax and spending laws.
9. What are some arguments for and against globalization?
ANS: a. For: Increases income, literacy, and standard of living b. Against: Undercuts wages of American workers, is driven by selfish corporate interests, exploits people in poor countries, is a form of cultural imperialism
10. What are entitlements, and how do they affect the range of discretionary spending by Congress?
ANS: a. Two-thirds of what the government spends is mandatory. b. Entitlements include Social Security, Medicare, veterans’ benefits, SNAP (food stamps), and so on. c. It would be a political disaster to change the levels of these benefits.
11. How did the public’s perceptions of AFDC change in the 1960s?
ANS: a. It seemed that women who had never married (and had no intention to get married) were benefiting. b. It was argued that single-parent families and out-of-wedlock births were being subsidized. c. African Americans were accused of taking advantage of the program.
12. Identify some of the alternative plans that were popular among many Americans when Franklin Roosevelt decided to press the issue at the federal level.
ANS: a. Huey Long: Share Our Wealth b. Upton Sinclair: End Poverty in California c. Dr. Francis E. Townsend: Pension plan
13. Identify five to six proposals that have been offered to rescue Social Security.
ANS: a. Raise the retirement age. b. Reduce benefits for high earners. c. Raise payroll taxes. d. Increase the wage cap. e. Have government make investments. f. Let individuals make investments.
14. What three problems are created by the Medicare system?
ANS: a. People use medical services they don’t really need. b. Some doctors and hospitals overcharge. c. Payments on the basis of a government-approved plan can change whenever the government wants to save money.
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1. legitimacy
2. Gerald Ford and his position on big government
3. Ronald Regan and farmers
4. Alexis de Tocqueville and views on restlessness
5. Bureaucracy and new power
6. Daniel Patrick Moynihan
7. Senate an important incubator of liberal national policies during what time period
8. Founders view on the Senate’s importance
9. Media’s role in public policy
10. elite attitudes toward the political agenda
11. “Do Not Call” law
12. proposed policy
13. concentrated costs
14. majoritarian politics
15. free-rider problem
16. difference between client politics from interest group politics
17. pork-barrel politics
18. welfare recipients
19. why are tobacco price supports are less popular today
20. Policy entrepreneurs
21. Ralph Nader
22. Superfund program
23. Why is the very existence of large corporations a threat to popular rule?
24. The Grange
25. Sherman Act and presidential support
26. antitrust policies of the United States
27. Reagan administration and breaking up large corporations
28. NLRB
29. Landrum-Griffin Act
30. OSHA
31. Dairy Division of the Agriculture Marketing Service
32. Sugar from Brazil and the Philippines is cheaper than sugar from Louisiana, then why are their quotas on these imports?
33. farm bill of 2002 benefits…
34. What helped with the passage of the Meat Inspection Act?
35. Unsafe at Any Speed
36. The total federal debt
37. pocketbook issue
38. “It’s the economy, stupid!”
39. sociotropic
40. “Subprime” mortgages
41. banks and deposits
42. major cause of the financial crisis
43. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
44. monetarist theory
45. Keynes
46. first economic stimulus of February 2008
47. John Kenneth Galbraith
48. TARP
49. Supply-side economists
50. Lochner v. New York
51. Office of Management and Budget
52. the secretary of the Treasury
53. Federal Reserve Board
54. How many government bureaus were engaged in making economic policy?
55. NAFTA
56. George W. Bush and imported steel
57. Entitlements
58. Sequester
59. “Read my lips. No new taxes.”
60. Means tests
61. Aid to Families with Dependent Children was created …
62. Aid to Families with Dependent Children
63. Who runs the welfare programs?
64. Which nation first created Social Security?
65. Prime minister’s concentrated authority enables him/her to…
66. Mother’s pension
67. 1996 law that abolished the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program contained a provision directing that
68. Which president called for an expanded role for religious organizations in administering federal social programs?
69. noncontributory assistance programs
70. TANF
71. SSI
72. Medicaid
73. Earned Income Tax Credit
74. The impetus for the creation of various welfare programs in the United States came from…
75. Huey Long, Upton Sinclair, and Francis Townsend
76. Where do funds for the Social Security program come from?
77. Medicare Act was signed into law by …
78. Medicare and Medicaid’s differences
79. The age at which a citizen receives full or partial Social Security benefits is ____ for persons born after 1959.
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Ch.18 Practice Questions
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Vocab. quiz on Ch.17
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Ch. 15 and Ch.16 Study Guide--Due on Tuesday
1. Adversary culture
2. Bureaucracy
3. government by proxy
4. complication regarding bureaucracy
5. President and his ability to fire those in federal bureaucracy
6. Department with the most power in the early 1800’s
7. Patronage
8. Growth of the post office and its correlation to the government
9. ICC
10. laissez-faire
11. bureaucracy generally grows in times of …
12. 16th amendment
13. Do presidents want to be known for increasing or decreasing the size of the bureaucracy?
14. the excepted service
15. a Schedule C position
16. competitive service
17. discretionary authority of appointed officials
18. Office of Personnel Management (OPM)
19. Pendleton Act of 1883
20. Merit system
21. buddy system
22. Can most bureaucrats be fired?
23. SES
24. Lawyers working for the FTC
25. Are bureaucrats mostly liberal or conservative?
26. The Freedom of Information Act
27. the Administrative Procedure Act
28. The Whistle-blower Protection Act
29. Privacy Act of 1974
30. For an agency to remain powerful, it must
31. Iron triangle
32. Immigration and Naturalization Service v. Chadha
33. American Legion is closely aligned with…
34. authorization measure
35. House Ways and Means Committee
36. House Appropriations Committee
37. judicial review
38. How many supreme court justices in the history of the nation
39. John Roberts
40. Federalist No. 78 and Alexander Hamilton
41. McCulloch v. Maryland
42. Fulton’s monopoly in New York
43. Marbury v. Madison
44. John Marshall
45. Andrew Jackson’s relationship with the Supreme Court
46. Roger B. Taney
47. Dred Scott case
48. judicial activism—when did it start and when was it at its height?
49. Ex Parte McCardle
50. 14th Amendment
51. 15th Amendment
52. Franklin Roosevelt’s court-packing plan
53. Chief Justice Warren
54. The U.S. Constitution mandates for which courts to exist?
55. constitutional court and a legislative court
56. courts of appeal—what they are and how many there are
57. Who appointed the most women?
58. Who appointed the most African-Americans?
59. Who appointed the most Hispanics?
60. ideological purity
61. litmus test
62. “gang of 14”
63. Certiorari
64. dual-court system
65. diversity case
66. Rodney King case
67. District courts
68. How many judges in the Supreme court need to agree to hear a case before it will be heard?
69. The chief justice’s role
70. How many cases are considered yearly by the Supreme Court?
71. Clarence Gideon
72. Class-action suit
73. Fee shifting
74. sovereign immunity
75. Brown v. Board of Education
76. When does the Supreme Court’s term begin?
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Ch. 15 and Ch.16 Potential Essays with Answers
1. Describe the debate that emerged in the First Congress regarding the bureaucracy.
ANS: a. Madison introduced a bill to create the Department of State. b. He proposed that appointees be nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate, but be subject to removal by the president alone. c. Six days of debate followed. d. Madison argued that the president needed to be able to control subordinates and won by a close vote. e. A tie vote in the Senate was broken by the vice president. f. The president retained the right to remove subordinates without the consent of the Senate.
2. Explain why federal officials in the bureaucracy generally performed a service role through most of the nineteenth century.
ANS: a. Belief in limited government b. Importance of states’ rights c. Fear of concentrated discretionary power d. The laissez-faire philosophy e. Silence of Constitution on the role of the bureaucracy f. View that Congress could not delegate power without providing rigorous, specific guidelines for decision making
3. What circumstances enabled the Republicans to pass the Pendleton Act?
ANS: a. Public outrage over the abuses of the spoils system, highlighted by the assassination of President Garfield b. Fear that, if the Democrats came to power on a wave of anti-spoils sentiment, existing Republican officeholders would be fired
4. Summarize the steps necessary for a federal bureaucrat to be fired.
ANS: a. Employee is given written notice at least thirty days in advance that he or she is to be fired or demoted for incompetence or misconduct. b. Notice must contain statement of reasons, including specific examples. c. Employee has a right to reply, orally or in writing. d. Employee has the right to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board. e. The board must grant a hearing. f. Decisions of the board can be appealed to the U.S. Court of Appeals.
5. Describe the typical federal civil service employee and the typical employee at the high-ranking levels.
ANS: a. Typical employee: Looks like a cross section of American society on sex, race, education, and social origins b. High-ranking: Middleaged, white, male; has college degree and background with social advantages
6. Discuss how the behavior and decision making of lawyers and economists varies in the Federal Trade Commission.
ANS: a. Lawyers: Bring cases where there is clearly illegal activity, prefer cases with a victim, prefer to complete cases quickly, leery of big cases b. Economists: Focus on large or small costs to the consumer, value cases on those terms
7. Explain why iron triangles are much less common today than they once were.
ANS: a. The number and variety of interest groups have increased. b. Most agencies are subject to control by many different legislative groups. c. The courts have made it easier for individuals and interest groups to intervene in agency affairs.
8. Identify and explain the five major bureaucratic pathologies.
ANS: a. Red tape b. Conflict c. Duplication d. Imperialism e. Waste
9. What were some of the major criticisms and suggested reforms of the bureaucracy that could be found in the National Performance Review?
ANS: a. Emphasized customer satisfaction b. Felt the bureaucracy was too centralized and rule bound c. Felt there was too much concern with scandal d. Many “horror stories” e. Called for less centralization and more employee initiative f. Called for fewer rules
10. Contrast judicial restraint and the activist approach.
ANS: a. Restraint: Judges should judge, should confine themselves to applying those rules stated or clearly implied in the language of the Constitution. b. Activism: Judges should discover general principles underlying the Constitution, amplify those principles on the basis of some moral or economic philosophy, and apply them to cases.
11. Summarize the facts of the case in Marbury v. Madison.
ANS: a. Madison lost his bid for reelection and made fifty-nine late-term appointments. b. Marshall, the secretary of state, failed to deliver the paperwork for seventeen of them (including Marbury’s). c. Madison, the new secretary of state, refused to deliver Marbury’s papers. d. Marbury brought suit to receive his position.
12. Describe Franklin Roosevelt’s plan to reorganize the Supreme Court.
ANS: a. He would be able to make one new appointment for each incumbent justice over the age of seventy. b. Appointments could be made until the Court had fifteen members.
13. Present a brief outline of the structure of the federal judicial system.
ANS: a. Specialized courts: Also called legislative courts; rule on particular problems; judges have fixed terms b. District courts: Ninety-four in total, at least one in each state c. Courts of appeals: One in eleven regions, the D.C. circuit, and the federal circuit d. Supreme Court: One, with nine justices appointed for life
14. Identify and describe four types of opinions that are produced by the Supreme Court.
ANS: a. Per curiam: Usually short and unsigned, explains the Court’s decision b. Opinion of the Court: Reflects the majority’s view c. Concurring opinion: By one or more justices who agree with the majority’s conclusion but for different reasons d. Dissenting opinion: The opinion of the justices on the losing side
15. Identify four ways that courts make policy.
ANS: a. Exercising judicial review b. Changing their minds, overturning established precedent c. Participating in political questions d. Applying remedies
16. Present some criticisms of judicial activism.
ANS: a. Judges have little special expertise outside of law. b. Declaring rights is not the same as designing and managing institutions. c. Federal judges are appointed, not elected, and are immune to popular control. d. Judges should not be allowed to act as unelected legislators.
17. What are some ways that Congress can check the power of the courts?
ANS: a. Alter the composition of the courts via appointments b. Alter the number of judges c. Amend the Constitution d. Repass laws declared unconstitutional e. Determine the jurisdiction of the courts
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Read Ch.16 and add notes to my notes
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You may bring a laptop to class to fill out the Women in Politics Study Guide which is also attached here. I will have hard copies available in class for those who prefer to take notes by hand.
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http://www.ted.com/talks/cameron_russell_looks_aren_t_everything_believe_me_i_m_a_model.html
If you missed the videos watched in class today (2/12/2013) or want to watch the whole video, the links are above.
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Also, a reminder that I have tutoring today for AP Government. If you want to practice your presentation for next week to get helpful feedback, please show up after school.
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CH.13 and Ch.14 Study Guide:
1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan
2. Countries that have congresses
3. Basic differences between US Congress and Great Britain
4. Salary of representatives and senators
5. Powers of Congress
6. Anti-incumbent attitude toward congress
7. Organizational and attitudinal ways of voting
8. Majority leader
9. Committee on Committees
10. House Speaker
11. Today’s senate vs. 1950s
12. Conference committee
13. Ways and Means Committee
14. How many bills introduced in each congress
15. GAO (original role)
16. Joint resolution
17. All aspects of how a bill becomes a law
18. Rider
19. Christmas-tree bill
20. pork-barrel bill
21. Power of the President
22. Bicameral
23. How were senators and representatives originally chosen
24. The senate and slavery
25. The 17th Amendment
26. The 22nd Amendment
27. Filibuster
28. Cutting off debate in the senate
29. Congressmen—when it became a career
30. Marginal districts
31. Conservative coalition less important
32. Who is part of the president’s cabinet
33. JFK and his proposals
34. Marshall Plan and Tax Reform Act
35. George Washington
36. Alexander Hamilton
37. Andrew Jackson
38. Expansion of presidential power
39. Electoral college
40. Popular vote and the electoral college
41. Congressional dominance occurred during which years
42. Lincoln’s rationale for expanding the presidency
43. rule of propinquity
44. pyramidal and circular ways to organize staffers
45. Richard Neustadt
46. Jimmy Carter
47. Roosevelt
48. Eisenhower
49. Ronald Reagan
50. Barack Obama
51. White House staff and department heads—relationship with one another
52. How many presidential vetoes have been overridden and how do you override a presidential veto
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Ch.13 and Ch.14 Potential Essays with Answers for AP US Government
1. Generalize about the social background characteristics of the typical member of Congress.
a. Middle aged b. White c. Protestant d. Lawyer e. Male
2. What explains the influx of new members in the House of Representatives after the 1992 and midterm 1994 elections?
a. Congressional districts were redrawn. b. Voters were disgusted with a variety of Washington scandals. c. The South shifted from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party.
3. Explain what the “conservative coalition” is, and describe its impact in American politics, past and present.
a. It is a coalition of southern Democrats and Republicans. b. It was prominent in the 1960s and 1970s. c. Its impact decreased from the 1980s to 1994. d. Southern Democrats in Congress have been replaced by Republicans.
4. Identify and explain three theories of congressional voting.
a. Representational: Voting to please constituents b. Organizational: Following the lead of fellow members of Congress c. Attitudinal: Voting on the basis of one’s personal beliefs
5. Explain the major issues surrounding the idea of legislative productivity and the assessment of Congress.
a. Measurement: Number of bills, major and minor legislation b. Evaluation: Rating changes Congress produces c. Divided government: Impact on costly and far-reaching legislation; no relation to gridlock d. Earmarks: Scandalous increase, calls for reform e. The Post 9/11 Congress: Has it responded in an adequate fashion?
6. Explain what a filibuster is, and summarize related rules.
a. A filibuster is a prolonged speech or series of speeches made to delay legislative action. b. Rule 22 required a two-thirds vote to cut off debate. c. Rule 22 was later changed to allow sixty senators to cut off debate.
7. Identify and explain the four methods of voting in Congress.
a. Voice vote: Members shout “yea” or “nay.” b. Division vote: Members stand and are counted. c. Teller vote: Members pass between two tellers, the yeas first and then the nays. d. Roll-call vote: Members answer “yea” or “nay” as the clerk calls out their names.
8. Describe the presidency during the administration of George Washington.
a. It was kept simple because the government had relatively little to do. b. He traveled widely to show himself to the public. c. Relations with Congress were correct but not close. d. He used the veto sparingly.
9. Generalize about Andrew Jackson’s use of the veto power.
a. He used it more than all of his predecessors combined. b. He used the power on constitutional and policy grounds. c. None of his vetoes were overridden.
10. List some of the things Abraham Lincoln did without prior congressional approval.
a. Raised an army b. Spent money c. Blockaded Southern ports d. Suspended the writ of habeas corpus e. Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
11. Describe the facts of the case in U.S. v. Nixon, and summarize the Supreme Court’s decision.
a. A federal prosecutor who was investigating the Watergate break-ins sought tape recordings of White House conversations. b. Nixon and his advisers were on the tapes. c. The Supreme Court ruled that there is no absolute, unqualified presidential privilege of immunity from the judicial process. d. Nixon was ordered to hand over the tapes so that a judge could decide which ones were relevant to the case.
12. Why do presidents issue signing statements, and why are they controversial?
a. They express the presidents’ attitudes about the laws they are signing. b. They tell the executive branch how to implement a law. c. They express concern that some part of a law is unconstitutional. d. They have increased in recent years, and Congress does not like them. e. They are viewed as hurdles to enforcement and equivalent to a line-item veto.
13. Identify the constitutional qualifications of a candidate for president.
Must be a natural-born citizen b. Must be thirty-five years of age c. Must be a resident of the United States for at least fourteen years
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Phyllis Gutierrez—Nadine Mora
Victoria Woodhull.—Jazmine Terrazas
Antonia Coella Novello—Karen Pe
Nancy Pelosi—Sam Morales
Christine Todd Whitman—Karina Robles
Mary Bono Mack—Jackie Reynoso
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen--Daniela Rodriguez
Sonia Sotomayor--Vanessa Vallejos
Rebecca Latimer Felton--Jackie Abing
Isabella Greenway--Priscilla Lam
Nancy Erickson--Kelsey Rogoff
Elizabeth Warren--Bianca Reyes
Janet Napolitano--Nancy Mattazaro
Shirley Chrisholm--Cynthia Anaya
Mia Love--Mary Smith
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How a Bill becomes a Law quiz--based on handout
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3. Summarize constitutional requirements with respect to a search warrant.
4. What are the four most important changes in American elections since the Founding?
5. Identify the devices and legal mechanisms that were employed to prevent African Americans from voting.
6. Describe what we know about the impact of the Twenty-sixth Amendment.
7. Identify and describe Verba and Nie's six types of political participants.
8. Identify and discuss the five major realignments and the parties that came to power with each.
9. Identify and explain four types of primaries.
10. Identify and explain the three roles the national press plays in relation to the federal government.
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| adversarial press | The tendency of the national media to be suspicious of officials and eager to reveal unflattering stories about them |
| background | A public official’s statement to a reporter that is given on condition that the official not be named |
| blog | Series, or log, of discussion items on a page of the World Wide Web |
| equal time rule | An FCC rule that if a broadcaster sells time to one candidate, it must sell equal time to other candidates |
| feature story | Media story about events that, though public, are not regularly covered by reporters |
| horse-race journalism | News coverage that emphasizes who is ahead rather than the issues |
| insider story | Media story about events that are not usually made public |
| loaded language | Words that imply a value judgment; used to persuade a reader without having made a serious argument |
| routine story | Media story about events that are regularly covered by reporters |
| selective attention | Paying attention only to those news stories with which one already agrees |
| sound bite | A radio or video clip, usually brief, of someone speaking |
| trial balloon | Information leaked to the media to test public reaction to a possible policy |
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| 501(c)(3) organization | Nonprofit group that may legally address political matters but may not lobby or campaign; donations to it are tax deductible |
| 501(c)(4) organization | Nonprofit group that is permitted to lobby and campaign; donations to it are not tax deductible |
| ideological interest group | Political organization that attracts members by appealing to their political convictions or principles |
| incentive | Something of value one cannot get without joining an organization |
| interest group | Organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy |
| material incentive | Money or a thing valued in monetary terms |
| political cue | Signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, and how that issue fits with his or her own political views or party agenda |
| public-interest lobby | Interest group whose efforts significantly benefit nonmembers |
| purposive incentive | Benefit that comes from serving a cause or principle |
| rating | Assessment of a representative’s voting record on issues important to an interest group |
| social movement | A widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order |
| solidary incentive | One of several social rewards (sense of pleasure, status, or companionship) that lead people to join political organizations |
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| 527 organization | Organization that, under Section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raises and spends money to advance political causes |
| blanket primary | A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties |
| closed primary | A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members |
| coattails | The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president |
| general election | An election held to choose candidates to hold office |
| gerrymandering | Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party |
| incumbent | Person currently holding an elective office |
| independent expenditure | Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them |
| malapportionment | Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population |
| open primary | A primary election in which voters may choose for which party to vote as they enter the polling place |
| political action committee | A committee, set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group, that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations |
| position issue | An issue about which the public is divided and on which rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions |
| primary election | An election held to choose candidates for office |
| prospective voting | Voting for a candidate because the voter favors his or her ideas for handling issues |
| retrospective voting | Voting for a candidate because the voter likes his or her past actions in office |
| runoff primary | A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary |
| soft money | Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities, such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate |
| sophomore surge | An increase in the votes congressional candidate usually enjoy when they first run for reelection |
| valence issue | An issue about which the public is united and on which rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs |
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AP Government Potential Essay Questions for CH.7-Ch.9
1. What four factors are the primary influences on political socialization?
2. Explain the two ways in which political scientists measure political ideology.
3. What are the four most important changes in American elections since the Founding?
4. Identify the devices and legal mechanisms that were employed to prevent African Americans from voting.
5. Describe what we know about the impact of the Twenty-sixth Amendment.
6. Explain the difference between VAP and VEP and why political scientists are interested in both.
7. Identify and describe Verba and Nie's six types of political participants.
8. What social background characteristics tend to be correlated with higher levels of political participation?
9. Identify some of the major reforms promoted by the progressives.
10. Identify the five major realignments and the parties that came to power with each.
11. Describe the two kinds of realignments.
12. Identify the three clearest examples of party realignment and the major issues associated with each.
13. Compare and contrast the manner in which Democrats and Republicans select delegates for the national conventions.
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| 1.elite | People with a disproportionate amount of some valued resource |
| 2.exit polls | Polls based on interviews conducted on Election Day with randomly selected voters |
| 3.gender gap | Difference in political views between men and women |
| 4.norm | A standard of right or proper conduct |
| 5.political elite | Persons with a disproportionate share of political power |
| 6.political ideology | A more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue |
| 7.political socialization | Process by which background traits influence one’s political views |
| 8.poll | A survey of public opinion |
| 9.public opinion | How people think or feel about particular things |
| 10.random sample | Method of selecting from a population in which each person has an equal chance of being selected |
| 11.sampling error | The difference between the results of random samples taken at the same time |
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Remember, I am keeping track of who brings in the canned goods.
You can wear free dress today if you bring in 3 canned goods/items!
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ASSIGNMENT: Supreme Court Case Project
DATE ASSIGNED: Tuesday, October 2, 2012
DUE DATE: Tuesday, October 16, 2012
Remember: Projects are due at the beginning of the period on due date NO MATTER WHAT! It's called responsibility!
As we continue to study the history of the government of the United States, I want you to appreciate the rights you are given by living in this country. First, you will pick an important Supreme Court Case. Next, you will design original artwork on a poster board showing and explaining that right using your own creative skills. You can create your own artwork that describes the most important facts about the case you chose. Please be sure to add the title and year of your case, for example, your poster might say “Brown v. Board of Education (1954)” with facts and pictures surrounding the words. Please see me with any questions.
Remember: Projects are due at beginning of the period on the due date NO MATTER WHAT!
Please visit www.streetlaw.org/en/landmark/home to get some ideas about what historic Supreme Court case you might be interested in.
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Finish taking notes on the end of Ch.5
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Class ID: 5607467
Enrollment Password: APGovernment
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Also, find an article about people working for social change or the improvement of society.
Know what the following terms mean: liberty, equality, deomocracy, civic duty, individual responsibility.
Also know the following:
civic competenc--A belief that one can affect government policies
civic duty--A belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs.
civil society--Voluntary action that makes cooperation easier
class consciousness--A belief that one is a member of an economic group whose interests are opposed to those of people in other such groups
orthodox--In political terms, someone who believes that morality and religion ought to be of decisive importance
political culture--A patterned and sustained way of thinking about how politics and government ought to be carried out
progressive--A belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion
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Also:
Do the worksheet/Answer these questions if you don't have the worksheet.
1) Why did the British place restrictions on
the colonies?
2) How was the term “people,” as used in the Declaration of Independence, defined? Did the members of the Second Continental Congress mean all people? What about the rights of women? Native Americans? Slaves?
3) What would have occurred if one or more of the states had rejected the Constitution? Could a single state have managed to survive outside the union of states?
4) What would Madison think about interest groups in modern society?
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Finish Ch. 2 if you have not already.